Database on prevalence of disability in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, Maldives, and Sri Lanka
"Many ESCAP developing and least developed countries and areas do not collect disability data. In the case of those that have done so, the data collected do not reflect the full extent of disability prevalence. This limitation is due in part to the conceptual framework adopted, the scope and coverage of the surveys undertaken, as well as the definitions, classifications and the methodology used for disability data collection."
Surveys without services followed immediately raises hopes in the community and leads to frustration of stake holders.It costs money to conduct scientific surveys. The precious money is urgently required for rehabilitation services. However there is need for database for planning programs. Many ministries for example in education/health/social welfare use rates/formulas for the calculation of database ..Disability sector also needs such a data base.
We have developed CD on Prevalence of disability in South Asian countries-India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, Maldives, and Sri Lanka. If you wish to get a copy of the CD please write to us. You are welcome to make copies of this CD and disseminate it.
CBR Network (South Asia) Database on prevalence of disability in India
Guide to Community based organizations, NGOs, governments, Panchaytahs Raj Institutions and international donors
Data compilation latest update: Summer 2002
Purpose of this study
The magnitude of the problem of disability is vast and its impact is very severe on the individual, families and community.
There are several accepted political goals such as universalization of elementary education, mass literacy programmes, poverty eradication programmes, health for needy people and other developmental programmes.
These are aimed at improving the quality of life of under- privileged groups such as people with disabilities.
India has participated in almost all international conventions and conferences on special need education and has been a signatory to all the important declarations made by UN agencies. Though there are many such declarations and statements issued from time to time since more than two decades, three very important declarations have to be mentioned.
The conventional approaches in rehabilitation such as special schools, social and vocational training centers, special employment schemes, residential schools, hostels etc. are expensive models.It should be important to develop a rehabilitation plan for persons with disabilities aiming at a large coverage with good quality services in a sustainable manner by optimal utilization of existing resources.
It has been half a decade since PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES (EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES, PROTECTION OF RIGHTS AND FULL PARTICIPATION) ACT 1995 has been passed, yet the concept of rehabilitation services for all differently abled persons has still not taken root.
It is an accepted fact that people with disabilities constitute nearly 4-5% percent of our population and it is estimated that people with moderate to severe disabilities constitute 2-4 per cent. Having mentioned this, it is necessary to state that there is no authentic data on disabilities.
Therefore there is a need for a database, which can be used for planning purpose.
This data is developed using the following statistics, formulae and rates:
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India's 2001 census actual figures.
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UN Statistics library data on age group classification of India's population based on 2001 census.
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UNDP rate of disability calculations (Dr Helander, Prejudice and Dignity).
Use and limitations of this data base
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Data can be used for planning rehabilitation services at district, state and national levels.
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This data helps to know the size of the problem state wise, district wise, gender wise, age wise, disability wise and degree wise. The formulae helps to calculate block wise data if the actual population is available for each tehshil, Block/s or gram panchayths.
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This data is based on population figures therefore you will find variations based on socio cultural factors, economic conditions.
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This data is not incidence data. Incidence data needs to be studies in each district.
Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India
PRESS RELEASE, Dated the 26th of March, 2001, New Delhi
PROVISIONAL POPULATION RESULTS - CENSUS OF INDIA 2001
At 00.00 hours of 1st March 2001 the population of India stood at 1,027,015,247 comprising of 531,277,078 males and 495,738,169 females. Thus, India becomes the second country in the world after China to cross the one billion mark.
India added about 181 million persons between 1991-2001, which is more than the estimated population of Brazil, the fifth most populous country in the world. India's share of the world population is 16.7 percent. The percentage decadal growth of the country as a whole has declined from 23.86 during 1981-1991 to 21.34 during 1991-2001. Thus, India has registered a fall in its decadal growth rate by 2.52 percent points, which is the sharpest decline since independence. Among the major states Bihar has recorded the highest increase in the percentage decadal growth from 28.47 during 1981-91 to 28.43 during 1991-2001. During 1991-2001, the lowest growth rate was recorded in Kerala 9.42 percent followed by Tamil Nadu (11.19) and Andhra Pradesh (13.86). Andhra Pradesh has shown the sharpest decline among all the major states (10.34 percent). The average annual exponential growth rate has declined from 2.14 percent in 1981-91 to 1.93 percent during 1991-2001.
Uttar Pradesh continues to be the most populous state in the country with 16.17 percent of India's population followed by Maharashtra (9.42 percent) and Bihar (8.07 percent). In fact the population of Uttar Pradesh (166 million) is more than the estimated population of Pakistan. It would be interesting to note that almost two third of India's population lives in States and Union territories which show decline in growth rate during the decade 1991-2001 as compared to the previous decade.
India now has 57 more persons per sq.km. as compared to 1991. West Bengal is the most densely populated state in the country with 904 persons living per sq.km. followed by Bihar with 880.
Sex ratio (the number of females per 1000 males) for India is 933 females per 1000 males, which is an improvement of 6 points over 927 recorded in 1991 Census. Like the 1991 Census, the highest sex ratio (1058) has been reported in Kerala. Haryana has reported the lowest sex ratio of 861 among the major states. One of the interesting fact that has emerged, is that the sex ratio of child population in age group 0-6 is 927. The child sex ratio in 1991 was 945. The sharpest decline in sex ratio of the child population has been observed in Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Uttranchal, Maharashtra and Union territory of Chandigarh.
The literacy rates among the population seven years and above for the country stands at 65.38 percent. The corresponding figures for males and females are 75.85 and 54.16 percent respectively. In other words three-fourths of the male population and more than half of the female population in the country are literate today.
Thus, the literacy recorded an impressive jump of 13.17 percentage points from 52.21 in 1991 to 65.38 in 2001. The increase of literacy rates among males and females are 11.72 and 14.87 percentage point respectively. It is heartening to observe that the gap in males and females literacy rates has decreased from 28.84 in 1991 Census to 21.70 percentage point in 2001.
One of the most significant aspects of literacy data thrown up by the Provisional Population Totals of Census of India, 2001, is that for the first time since independence the absolute number of illiterates have shown a decline. The decline is as large as 31.96 million during 1991-2001. This decline among males was 21.45 million and 10.51 million among females.
Kerala continues its lead in the literacy race with 90.92 percent followed by Mizoram 88.49 and Lakshadweep 87.52 percent. Bihar has recorded the lowest literacy rate of 47.53 percent in the country.
Contents of CD
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India rural correct data zip file is an excel sheet which gives the following information. Double click to open.
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National data on disability prevalence
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Rural and urban distribution of disability prevalence
These files are excel sheets which gives the following information. Double click to open.
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Statelevel disability prevalence (all states including Jammu and Kashmir)
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State and District level data on disability (based 2001 census figures)
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Agewise disability prevalence data-state level/district level /
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State level/district level intensity level (severe/profound/moderate and mild) data
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State level/disability types/district level data (based on WHO classification)
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State level/district level/gender wise data
Sources for data calculations
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2001 census government of India
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UN statistics department library data for India age classification
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UNDP formula for the calculation of disability prevalence
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WHO classification for disability analysis
Abstract
Preamble
The magnitude of disability is vast and its impact on the individual, family and community is severe. The most vulnerable groups among the persons with disabilities include very young children, children in general, women and senior citizens with disabilities. They require special measures and due emphasis has to be giver to their rehabilitation.
The community has a major role to play in the rehabilitation process. One of the major barriers to rehabilitation is the attitude of the community. The participation of the community will ensure that all attitudinal and social barriers to the rehabilitation process are minimised.
The role and inherent potential of the family to overcome problems of disability must be recognized as a basic building block of the rehabilitation process.
Justification for the Society
The absence of a formal body to advocate the interests of persons with disabilities results in all efforts by and for them remaining fragmented. The inclusion of persons with disability in all developmental activities in the district will be facilitated with the formation of the District CBR Society.
The Govt. has initiated many schemes and projects for persons with disabilities. The District CBR Society will function as a networking body and will access the funds available under the various schemes.
The absence of a formal proactive body to identify and address disability issues often means that PWDs remain as beneficiaries of a scheme, rather than as managers of interventions meant for them. The District CBR Society will function as a NGO. It will plan projects for PWDs and monitor the programs in total partnership with the community. Karnataka govt. has taken many pioneering initiatives in the field of disability promoting horizontal inclusion of PWDs in all developmental programs - Udisha Portage one among the programs of the Karnataka Govt. trains all the Anganwadi workers to include children with disabilities and to ensure early stimulation for all children.
The absence of a single window process ensures that PWDs are often unaware of what benefits and schemes are available to them. The activities of the Society will include accessing and raising resources from local, state, national and international agencies, Govt. and NGOs. Resources are available in various departments and schemes such as Rural Development NPRPD, SSA, IEDC, grant in aid schemes for special schools, pension schemes, UNDP programs, CAPART, NHFDC, and international funding organizations such as NORAD, Action Aid, SIDA, DANIDA and others.
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